Tham khảo Chương_trình_máy_tính

  1. ↑ Rochkind, Marc J. (2004). Advanced Unix Programming, Second Edition. Addison-Wesley. tr. 1.1.2. 
  2. ↑ Chú thích trống (trợ giúp) 
  3. ↑ Kapur, Ajay; Carnegie, Dale; Murphy, Jim; Long, Jason (2017). “Loudspeakers Optional: A history of non-loudspeaker-based electroacoustic music”. Organised Sound (Cambridge University Press) 22 (2): 195–205. ISSN 1355-7718. doi:10.1017/S1355771817000103. 
  4. ↑ Noel Sharkey (2007), A 13th Century Programmable Robot, University of Sheffield
  5. 1 2 3 McCartney, Scott (1999). ENIAC – The Triumphs and Tragedies of the World's First Computer. Walker and Company. tr. 16. ISBN 978-0-8027-1348-3. 
  6. ↑ Bromley, Allan G. (1998). “Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine, 1838” (PDF). IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 20. 
  7. ↑ Tanenbaum, Andrew S. (1990). Structured Computer Organization, Third Edition. Prentice Hall. tr. 15. ISBN 978-0-13-854662-5. 
  8. ↑ Lovelace & Babbage and the creation of the 1843 'notes' 
  9. ↑ Rosen, Kenneth H. (1991). Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications. McGraw-Hill, Inc. tr. 654. ISBN 978-0-07-053744-6. 
  10. ↑ Linz, Peter (1990). An Introduction to Formal Languages and Automata. D. C. Heath and Company. tr. 234. ISBN 978-0-669-17342-0. 
  11. ↑ Engines of Logic: Mathematicians and the origin of the Computer, 2000 
  12. ↑ “History of Computing”. 
  13. 1 2 3 4 McCartney, Scott (1999). ENIAC – The Triumphs and Tragedies of the World's First Computer. Walker and Company. tr. 102. ISBN 978-0-8027-1348-3. 
  14. ↑ Frink, Brenda D. (1 tháng 6 năm 2011). “Researcher reveals how "Computer Geeks" replaced "Computer Girls"”. Gender News. Stanford University. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 12 tháng 3 năm 2015. Truy cập ngày 22 tháng 10 năm 2018. 
  15. ↑ Computing's Golden Jubilee 
  16. ↑ Silberschatz, Abraham (1994). Operating System Concepts, Fourth Edition. Addison-Wesley. tr. 6. ISBN 978-0-201-50480-4. 
  17. ↑ Tanenbaum, Andrew S. (1990). Structured Computer Organization, Third Edition. Prentice Hall. tr. 20. ISBN 978-0-13-854662-5. 
  18. ↑ Tanenbaum, Andrew S. (1990). Structured Computer Organization, Third Edition. Prentice Hall. tr. 21. ISBN 978-0-13-854662-5. 
  19. ↑ Wilson, Leslie B. (1993). Comparative Programming Languages, Second Edition. Addison-Wesley. tr. 75. ISBN 978-0-201-56885-1. 
  20. 1 2 Wilson, Leslie B. (1993). Comparative Programming Languages, Second Edition. Addison-Wesley. tr. 213. ISBN 978-0-201-56885-1. 
  21. ↑ Wilson, Leslie B. (1993). Comparative Programming Languages, Second Edition. Addison-Wesley. tr. 244. ISBN 978-0-201-56885-1. 
  22. ↑ “What is a Compiler?”. Truy cập ngày 10 tháng 1 năm 2012. 
  23. ↑ Tanenbaum, Andrew S. (1990). Structured Computer Organization, Third Edition. Prentice Hall. tr. 11. ISBN 978-0-13-854662-5. 

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